




C++ Exception Handling
Exception Handling in C++ is a process to handle runtime errors. We perform exception handling so the normal flow of the application can be maintained even after runtime errors.
In C++, exception is an event or object which is thrown at runtime. All exceptions are derived from std::exception class. It is a runtime error which can be handled. If we don't handle the exception, it prints exception message and terminates the program.

Advantage
It maintains the normal flow of the application. In such case, rest of the code is executed even after exception.

C++ Exception Classes
In C++ standard exceptions are defined in <exception> class that we can use inside our programs. The arrangement of parent-child class hierarchy is shown below:






All the exception classes in C++ are derived from std::exception class. Let's see the list of C++ common exception classes.


Exception
Description


std::exception
It is an exception and parent class of all standard C++ exceptions.


std::logic_failure
It is an exception that can be detected by reading a code.


std::runtime_error
It is an exception that cannot be detected by reading a code.


std::bad_exception
It is used to handle the unexpected exceptions in a c++ program.


std::bad_cast
This exception is generally be thrown by dynamic_cast.


std::bad_typeid
This exception is generally be thrown by typeid.


std::bad_alloc
This exception is generally be thrown by new.



C++ Exception Handling Keywords
In C++, we use 3 keywords to perform exception handling:

try
catch, and
throw

Moreover, we can create user-defined exception which we will learn in next chapters.












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